Varavara Rao – free them all

Between poetry and prison: Varavara Rao as voice of dissent in Indian radical politics

03/11/2025 Asha

Counterview / by Harsh Thakor

Varavara Rao, born in 1940, is an Indian poet, teacher, and activist associated with radical politics. He turns 85 on November 3. Known as VV, Rao gained prominence during the rural land rights movements of the 1960s and served as a mediator between the Andhra Pradesh government and Naxalite groups in the early 2000s. The Indian state has classified him as a dissident and a national security threat.
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Also read:
▪ Activist Varavara Rao’s request to travel for dental surgery rejected (Scroll.in / Oct 2025)
▪ SC refuses to hear plea of P Varavara Rao on bail modification (Hindustan Times / Sep 2025)
▪ Verse, ablaze: Excerpts from ‘Varavara Rao: A Life in Poetry’ (The Week / Jul 2023)
▪ Supreme Court grants permanent medical bail to P. Varavara Rao in Bhima Koregaon case (The Leaflet / Aug 2022)
▪ Captive Imagination – Letters From Prison

Author: Varavara Rao
Publishing Date: 2010
Publisher: Penguin Books India
Pages: 208

Poet, Marxist critic and activist, Varavara Rao (VV) has been continually persecuted by the state and intermittently imprisoned since 1973, but he never stopped writing during all these decades, even from within prison. When he was subjected to ‘one thousand days of solitary confinement’ during 1985-89 in Secunderabad Jail, a leading national daily invited him to write about his prison experiences.

‘Can get treatment at Mumbai civic hospital’: Court declines travel nod to Varavara Rao

10/10/2025 Asha

Activist Varavara Rao’s request to travel for dental surgery rejected

10/10/2025

Scroll.in / by Scroll Staff

The court said that adequate and affordable treatment was available in the city and found no satisfactory reason for the 85-year-old to travel to Telangana.
A special National Investigation Agency court in Mumbai on Thursday rejected a plea by 85-year-old activist and poet Varavara Rao, who is out on bail in the Bhima Koregaon case, seeking permission to travel to Hyderabad for two months for a dental surgery, The Indian Express reported.
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‘Can get treatment at Mumbai civic hospital’: Court declines travel nod to Varavara Rao

10/10/2025

The Indian Express / by Express News Service

85-yr-old filed plea for travel to Hyderabad for dental operation
A special court on Thursday rejected a plea filed by Telugu poet 85-year-old Varavara Rao, an accused in the Elgaar Parishad case, who had sought to travel to Hyderabad for two months for a dental operation.
The court said that the Supreme Court while granting him bail in its “magnanimous humanity” had given him the liberty to leave Mumbai if required with permission from the special court.
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Also read:
▪ SC refuses to hear plea of P Varavara Rao on bail modification (Hindustan Times / Sep 2025)
▪ For accused out on bail, Court’s condition to not leave city a further challenge (The Indian Express / Jan 2025)
▪ Supreme Court grants permanent medical bail to P. Varavara Rao in Bhima Koregaon case (The Leaflet / Aug 2022)

SC Refuses To Entertain Varavara Rao’s Plea To Modify Bail Condition To Not Leave Mumbai

19/09/2025 Asha

Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Varavara Rao’s Plea To Modify Bail Condition Requiring Him To Be In Mumbai

19/09/2025

Live Law / by Debby Jain

The Supreme Court today refused to entertain a plea to modify the medical bail condition imposed on 85-yr old P Varavara Rao, accused under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act in the Bhima Koregaon case, which requires him to seek prior permission from the Trial Court if he wishes to leave the Greater Mumbai area. A bench of Justices JK Maheshwari and Vijay Bishnoi dismissed as withdrawn Rao’s plea after hearing Senior Advocate Anand Grover.
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SC refuses to hear plea of P Varavara Rao on bail modification

19/09/2025

Hindustan Times / by Abraham Thomas

Rao, 85, had sought modification of the bail order of August 10, 2022 granted by the top court on medical grounds and considering his advanced age
The Supreme Court on Friday refused to entertain a petition filed by Bhima Koregaon violence accused P Varavara Rao seeking modification of his bail order which prohibits him from leaving the jurisdiction of the trial court in Mumbai. The court, however, permitted him to withdraw the plea.
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Also read:
▪ For accused out on bail, Court’s condition to not leave city a further challenge (The Indian Express / Jan 2025)
▪ Bombay HC allows Varavara Rao to undergo cataract surgery in Hyderabad (The Indian Express / Oct 2023)
▪ Can’t Allow Varavara Rao To Stay In Hyderabad For Three Months For Cataract Treatment, Will Delay Framing of Charges: NIA Court (Scroll.in / Sep 2022)
▪ Supreme Court grants permanent medical bail to P. Varavara Rao in Bhima Koregaon case (The Leaflet / Aug 2022)

Rationality seems upside down: ‘Intellectuals’ who endorse state violence!

05/04/2025 Asha

South First / by N Venugopal

The rationality that the Telugu society cultivated 50 years ago—rejecting state oppression and embracing humanistic values—now seems to have been turned upside down.
When an ordinary citizen commits murder, it is a punishable offense. But if the government itself, through the home minister, announcing deadlines for killing people, is that not a crime? And when so-called intellectuals clap and cheer for these murders, is that not a crime too?
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Also read:
▪ Condemn the NIA’s raid in Andhra-Telangana to suppress democratic voices critical of war of corporate plunder ( Countercurrents / Oct 2023)
▪ AI Report: India’s exploitation of terrorism financing assessments to target the civil society (Amnesty.org / Sep 2023)
▪ The cost of protesting against mining in Gadchiroli (Scroll.in | by Nolina Minj | Sep 27, 2023)
▪ How Varavara Rao shaped Telangana’s sociopolitics: N Venugopal Rao interview (The Federal / Aug 2023)
▪ Statement against the drone bomb attacks in Chhattisgarh, India (India Matters / April 2023)

For accused out on bail, Court’s condition to not leave city a further challenge

21/01/2025 Asha

The Indian Express / by Sadaf Modak

Accused raise high cost of living, difficulty in finding jobs and houses on rent to restart life
While the bar for granting bail itself is high in stringent anti-terror laws, for several accused released on bail by Mumbai courts, the real ordeal begins after being granted bail- to find a local address to live in the city.
Just last week, Bombay High Court, while granting bail to Elgaar Parishad accused Rona Wilson and Sudhir Dhawale, directed them not to leave the territorial jurisdiction of the trial court without permission. While Dhawale is a resident of Mumbai, Wilson, whose originally from Kerala, resided in New Delhi before his arrest in 2018.
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Also read:
▪ Out on bail in Elgaar case, activist Navlakha and partner struggle to rent home in Mumbai (The Indian Express / Jul 2024)
▪ Bombay HC allows Varavara Rao to undergo cataract surgery in Hyderabad (The Indian Express / Oct 2023)
▪ Can’t Allow Varavara Rao To Stay In Hyderabad For Three Months For Cataract Treatment, Will Delay Framing of Charges: NIA Court (Scroll.in / Sep 2022)
▪ Elgar Parishad-Bhima Koregaon accused struggle to find house in city (Hindustan Times / Nov 2022)

Journalist pens about the lives of political prisoners in India

25/12/2024 Asha

Deccan Herald / by Mrityunjay Bose

During the course of extensive research, Kolhatkar spoke to political prisoners and their family members.
Journalist and political analyst Neeta Kolhatkar has written about the life and struggles of the political prisoners in India. The prisoners include Dr Binayak Sen, paediatrician, public health specialist and social activist, and Prof Anand Teltumbde, eminent scholar, Dalit activist and management teacher.
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The Feared
Conversations with Eleven Political Prisoners

simonandschuster.co.in / by Neeta Kolhatkar

During long discussions, sometimes taking place over multiple meetings, Kolhatkar unearths personal anecdotes from the time her interviewees were incarcerated, bringing into focus the human face of prison inmates, while also detailing the wretched conditions relating to space, hygiene, medical attention, and food that they experienced. Apart from being an urgent call to action for prison reforms, The Feared is thus also an account of hope and strength, narrating unique stories of survival and solidarity, and the unexpected bonds and relationships formed in prison.
Author: Neeta Kolhatkar
Publisher: S&S India (December 20, 2024)
Length: 272 pages
Read more

Also read:
▪ THE BK-16 PRISON DIARIES SERIES (THE POLIS PROJECT / 2024)
▪ Process as Punishment – Recent books that bear witness to the BK-16’s incarceration (The Caravan / Jul 2024)
▪ From Phansi Yard: My Year with the Women of Yerawada (Juggernaut │ Sudha Bharadwaj │ Oct 2023)

Why There Is No Better Person to Translate Kazi Nazrul Islam Than Varavara Rao

01/12/2024 Asha

The Wire / by Moumita Alam

This is not a mere work of translation; this is the confluence of two great poets who defied the oppressive states of their respective times.

The following is the foreword to Varavara Rao’s translation of Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Bengali poems into Telugu, Vidrohi. It has been edited for style, grammar and clarity. The volume is being published by the Hyderabad Book Trust.

In what is called the second freedom movement in Bangladesh against the autocratic Sheikh Hasina government, the state police’s guns aiming at the students and the students singing the poem and songs of Kazi Nazrul Islam is the hair-raising moment for all people who aspire for and dream of freedom.
Read more

Aslo read:
▪ BK-16 Prison Diaries: Varavara Rao on prisons as institutions of corruption, sadism and dehumanisation (The Polis Project / Oct 2024)
▪ At UN Human Rights Review, PEN International Questions Crackdown on Dissent in India (The Wire / July 2024)
Read PEN International’s full report here
▪ Tomorrow there won’t be any classes’: Activist Varavara Rao’s poems get an English translation (Scroll.in / by Varavara Rao, N Venugopal & Rohith / Jul 2023)
▪ Supreme Court grants permanent medical bail to P. Varavara Rao in Bhima Koregaon case (The Leaflet / Aug 2022)

BK-16 Prison Diaries: Varavara Rao on prisons as institutions of corruption, sadism and dehumanisation

10/11/2024 Asha

To mark six years of the arbitrary arrests and imprisonment of political dissidents in the Bhima Koregaon case, The Polis Project is publishing a series of writings by the BK-16, and their families, friends and partners. By describing various aspects of the past six years, the series offers a glimpse into the BK-16’s lives inside prison, as well as the struggles of their loved ones outside. Each piece in the series is complemented by Arun Ferreira’s striking and evocative artwork.

Credits: Drawing by Arun Ferreira / The Polis Project

BK-16 Prison Diaries: Varavara Rao on prisons as institutions of corruption, sadism and dehumanisation

16/10/2024

The Polis Project / by Varavara Rao

The term “correctional institutions,” as prisons are sometimes known, is actually a misnomer. It would be more appropriate to term them institutions of sadism, dehumanisation and corruption, given that the whole system is rooted in these practices. The state does not in fact want the prisons to be correctional institutions like those shown in the Hindi films Do Ankhen Barah Haath or Bandini.
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At UN Human Rights Review, PEN International Questions Crackdown on Dissent in India

18/07/2024 Asha

At UN Human Rights Review, PEN International Questions Crackdown on Dissent in India

18/07/2024

The Wire / by The Wire Staff

The writers’ body cited a growing number of writers, journalists, academics and other critics of the government being subjected to legal harassment in the form of arbitrary arrests and prolonged detentions without trial.
…
The writers’ body mentioned the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) being used as a tool to “unjustly prosecute” the government’s critics. Citing the detention of those accused in the Bhima Koregaon/Elgar Parishad case, the report highlighted the ill treatment of professor Hany Babu and poet Varavara Rao, and denial of bail despite medical grounds.
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Read PEN International’s full report here

‘28% rise in sedition cases’: Top global NGO alliance rates India’s civil space ‘repressed’

17/07/2024

Counterview / by Rajiv Shah

Rating India’s civic space as repressed, Civicus, a global civil society alliance, in its new report submitted to the UN Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) on the state of civic space in the country has said that the use of sedition law against the Modi government’s critics continues. “Under the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, sedition cases have increased by 28 per cent with over 500 cases against more than 7,000 people”, it says.
Read more

Also read:
▪ India: Submission to the UN Human Rights Committee on the deterioration of civic space (CIVICUS /Jul 2024)
Read/download full submission
▪ RSF and national civil society organisations give new government 10 recommendations to guarantee press freedom (RSF / June 2024)
▪ India among top 10 countries to jail writers, academics in 2021, shows Pen America’s report (Scroll.in / Apr 2022)
▪ International Mother Language Day: Take Action for Hany Babu (Pen International | Feb 2022)
▪ Joint Statement: Freedom for Varavara Rao (Pen International | Oct 2021)
▪ A Dark Day for Democracy and Freedom of Expression (Pen International | Aug 2018)

Before Arundhati Roy, Writers, Human Rights Activists & Journalists Were Slapped With UAPA

18/06/2024 Asha

Outlook / by Outlook Web Desk

The draconian UAPA has drawn criticism from several Supreme Court judges. However, it continues to be used against prominent writers, activists and journalists.
A celebrated Booker Prize-winning author and human rights activist, Arundhati Roy became the latest target of India’s draconian law – Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, after Delhi’s Lieutenant General approved her prosecution on a complaint lodged 14 years ago. The approval comes days after Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his BJP-led NDA came to power for the third time. Human rights organisations have accused the government of misusing the law to silence critics.
Since 2014, at least 6,900 UAPA cases have been lodged until 2020, according to NCRB data.
Read more

Also read:
▪ Meet 10 ‘political prisoners’ of the Narendra Modi regime in jail without trial (Telegraph / June 2024)
▪ Legal experts call for a repeal of UAPA over misuse and rights violations (Frontline / May 2024)
▪ UAPA – CRIMINALISING DISSENT AND STATE TERROR – Study of UAPA Abuse in India, 2009-2022 (PUCL / Sep 2022). Download report
▪ How Governments Avoid Due Process by Declaring Groups as ‘Front Organisations’ of Banned Entities (The Wire / Sep 2020)

Activist Varavara Rao’s request to travel for dental surgery rejected

‘Can get treatment at Mumbai civic hospital’: Court declines travel nod to Varavara Rao

Supreme Court Refuses To Entertain Varavara Rao’s Plea To Modify Bail Condition Requiring Him To Be In Mumbai

SC refuses to hear plea of P Varavara Rao on bail modification

The Feared Conversations with Eleven Political Prisoners

simonandschuster.co.in / by Neeta Kolhatkar

The following is the foreword to Varavara Rao’s translation of Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Bengali poems into Telugu, Vidrohi. It has been edited for style, grammar and clarity. The volume is being published by the Hyderabad Book Trust.

BK-16 Prison Diaries: Varavara Rao on prisons as institutions of corruption, sadism and dehumanisation

At UN Human Rights Review, PEN International Questions Crackdown on Dissent in India

‘28% rise in sedition cases’: Top global NGO alliance rates India’s civil space ‘repressed’

The Feared
Conversations with Eleven Political Prisoners